基于可见/近红外光谱技术的毛脚茧的光谱快速鉴别方法研究

基于可见/近红外光谱技术,研究了鲜茧毛脚茧快速鉴别的方法。采用主成分分析法对毛脚茧和成熟茧进行定性分析,再对光谱数据采用最小二乘支持向量机方法建模鉴别,通过连续投影算法从400-1000 nm波段的鲜茧光谱数据中选取了12个特征波长。采用最小二乘支持向量机法基于400 nm,430 nm,487 nm,512 nm,604 nm,616 nm,732 nm,759 nm,784 nm,852 nm,985 nm,999 nm这12个特征波长建模,结果对毛脚茧的判别准确率达到100%。表明可见/近红外光谱可以用于毛脚茧的鉴别检测。     

Eighth International Workshop on Trichoderma and Gliocladium

The International Workshop on Trichoderma and Gliocladiurn has been a regularly organized meeting since 1984, and promotes presentation of research as well as discussion of new ideas among scientists working on various aspects of these two genera of fungi.     

农业生物技术在水稻种子纯度鉴定中的应用

【研究目的】为了选择直观、准确、可靠、经济可行和易于操作的水稻种子纯度鉴定技术;【方法】分析和总结了电泳鉴定法、DNA分子标记鉴定法和叶色标记技术鉴定水稻种子纯度的研究进展及应用概况;【结论】作者认为电泳鉴定法及DNA分子标记鉴定法只能获得杂交水稻杂种纯度的基本数据,不具备有效排除假杂种的功能,也不可能采取后补救措施解决因纯度低而造成的产量损失。白化转绿型叶色标记技术运用在杂交水稻上,将结束传统种子纯度的检测方法,引发种子纯度检测的革命,具有极其广阔的市场前景。     

诗文学中“偏离”现象——以《停马在雪夜林边》为例

偏离是对诗性语言进行陌生化的一个重要手段。通过对弗罗斯特的诗歌《停马在雪夜林边》的语言层面的偏离例如句法、语义偏离和语言层面之外的其他偏离例如视角、意象图式的偏离进行分析,指出通过偏离达到陌生化的效果继而得到一种审美效果,有助于读者更深入地了解和欣赏诗性语言和美感。     

四川和重庆地区的植茶土壤与茶叶品质

A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of triphenyltetrazolum chloride(TTC) on soil microorganisms and the availability of pH characterization medium in BIOLOG plates.Application of TTC decreased the color development sharply and resulted in a great biocidal effect on the growth and reproduction of soil microorganisms,indicating that TTC can affect the discrimination on soil microbial community.The microtitration plates with 21 cabon sources and two different pH levels(4.7 and 7.0) were used to determine microbial community structure of eight red soils.The average utilization(average well colour development) of the carbon sources in the paltes with different pH levels generally followed the same sigmoidal pattern as that in the traditional BIOLOG plates,but the pH 4.7 plates increased the discrimination of this technique,compared with the pH 7.0 plates.Since most tested soils are acid,it seemed that it‘s better to use a suitable pH characterization medium for a specific spil in the sole carbon source test.     

国外食品安全风险认知研究与进展

决定食品安全行为的是消费者对食品安全风险的主观认知而不是风险本身。食品安全风险认知主要由消费者对风险的熟悉程度、对风险的恐惧感和风险暴露程度等因素决定。社会和心理因素扭曲了, 更多时候放大了食品安全风险。食品安全风险认知一般可从六个维度来解释, 即身体损失、性能损失、金钱损失、时间损失、社会损失和心理损失。风险认知超过一定水平, 消费者会采取一系列措施降低自身面临的风险。     

苋菜对钾素吸收和利用上的基因型差异

The kinetics of K^ absorption and the utilization of both applied K and K in a calcareous alluvisol with low available K by different genotypes of grain amaranth(Amaranthus spp.),an ancient pseudo-cereal that produces a large biomass and a rich source of health nutrients and mineral elements,were studied by means of ion depletion technique and pot experiments.Grain amaranth had a high affinity for K^ absorption comparison with corn and cotton.However,there were differences among Amaranthus spp.in Kabsorption and utilization.Some cultivars such as R104,CX-4,Du001,Hy015 and Hr029 which had a higher rate of K absorption and stronger affinity for K^ were typical varieties with high K-use efficiency(KUE).The results showed that high KUE cultivars grew quickly,possessed stronger ability to take up soil slowly available K and Mineral K,and did not respond to K fertilization in the soil with low available K.Correspondingly,grain amaranth cultivars CX-77,Cr024,Vd001,Re003 and Sn003 were relatively low in KUE,Compared with high KUE cultivars,they took up more soil available K and both of their dry matter accumulation and K uptake responded to K applied significalty.     

营养和病虫害管理对双季杂交水稻种植系统的土壤生态质量的共同影响

The mineral fertilizers(NPK) and pesticide,including herbicides,insecticides and fungicides,were applied alone or in combination and the soil sampling was done at different growth stages during the crop cycle to study the changes in soil organic matter,microbial biomass and their activity parameters in a paddy soil with different nutrient and pest management practices in a hybrid rice double-cropping system.A consistent increase in the electron transport system(ETS) activity was measured during the different crop growth stages of rice.The use of fertilizers(NPK) alone or with pesticides increased ETS activity,while a decline of ETS activity was noticed with pesticides alone as compared with the control.Nearly an increasing trend in soil phenol content was observed with the progression of crop growthstages,while the usage of pesticides alone caused maximum increments in the soil phenol content.The soil protein content was found nearly stable with fertilizers and/or pesticides application at various growth stages in both crops taken.But notable changes were noticed at different growth stages probable because of fluctuations in moisture and temperature at particular stages,which might have their effects on N mineralization.Marked depletions in the phospholipid content were found with the advancement of crop growth stages,while the incorporation of fertilizers and/or pesticides also produced slight changes,in which a higher decline was noticed with pesticide application alone compared with the control.     

城郊结合区蔬菜种植地土壤性质特征

Human activity and urbanization result in urban-rural environmental gradients.Undersanding effect of the gradients on soil properties is necessary for management of the soils around urban areas.In this study,soil quality of some vegetable fields was characterized along an urban-rural gradient in shaoxing County,Zhejiang Province.Fifteen soilphysical and chemical properties were evaluated by using principal component analysis.Results showed that there was a great variation in the soil quality along the gradient.From rural to urban zones,soil organic matter,water-stable aggregates,cation exchangeable capacity(CEC),total N and P,and available K increased,whereas soil pH value decreased.In addition,Pb,Cu,Ni,Co,Zn and Cr in the soils tended to be accumulated toward the urban zone.Sequential chemical extraction showed that mobility of all the heavy metals in the soils tended toincrease from the rural to the urban zones.The variation of soil properties accounted for by the first principal component was significantly explained bythe difference in application rates of municipal wastes.     

Physico—Chemical Properties and Laboratory Hyperspectral Reflectance of Coastal Saline Soil in Shangyu City of Zhejiang Province, China.1

45 and 50 composite soil samples were collected, respectively, from two agricultural fields, that were enclosed and reclaimed from coastal tidal-fiat areas in 1996 and 1984 respectively, in Shemgyu of Zhejiang Province, China, to investigate the physico-chemical properties and the hyperspectral characteristics of the saline soils and to make an assessment on their relationships. The reflectance spectra of saline soils were measured using a spectroradiometer in laboratory. The mean spectral curves of the saline soils from the two sites different in reclamation year showed that the saline soil taken from the recently reclaimed land with higher salinity demonstrated a lower reflectance intensity in the spectral region from about 550 nm to 2300 nm. In addition, nine absorption bands, i.e., 488 nm, 530 nm, 670 nm, 880 nm, 940 nm, 1400 nm,1900 nm, 2 200 nm and 2 300 nm, were chosen as the spectral bands to investigate the relationships between soil physico-chemical properties by means of Pearson correlation analysis. Finally, the first two principal components were calculated from nine absorption bands and used to discriminate the saline soil samples taken from two sampled fields. The results indicate that it is feasible to detect physico-chemical properties of saline soils from fields reclaimed for varying time periods on the basis of the hyperspectral data.